Accident on Chernobyl Nuclear Power Station (in the zone of radiation there were 3 million people, about 9 million people also suffered from the radiation; consequences brought not only various diseases, death of many people, but also mutations of unborn children) showed us an ecological threat created by accidents on nuclear power stations, used in 26 countries of the world.
Harmful substances discarded into the air contain 163, 9 thousand tons of ashes, soot, dust, mercury, lead per year; 263, 4 thousand tons of gaseous substances: sulfur anhydrate 38,3; carbon oxide 92.4; nitric oxides 78,3; hydrocarbons 11,7; ammonia 6,3, carbon bisulphide, chlorine and others 9,4.
Thus, liquidators more often suffer from diseases of endocrine system (4 times more often), circulatory system (3-4 times), mental disorder, diseases of nervous system, diseases of bone- muscular system and connective tissues, and also diseases of digestive system (2 times). In the sickness rate of liquidators in 2003 the first place was taken by diseases of respiratory system, diseases of circulatory system took the second place, and the third place was taken by diseases of digestive system.
Level of the air pollution in cities of Ukraine.
On the whole, according to the data of Ukrainian scientific hygienic center, excess of MPC in the air range today from 5 to 68%.
In 2004, industrial enterprises of Ukraine discarded into the air 4,1 million tons of harmful substances.
In Ukraine, there are 120 kg of such substances per person. The situation is especially difficult in the eastern region (Donetsk, Lugansk, Dnepropetrovsk, Zaporozhe, and Kharkov oblasts) which has 2/3 of all harmful substances discarded into the air. In Kiev the air pollution exceeds the norms three times.
The level of the air pollution in Russia.
Deterioration of the state of the air above Russian cities is connected not only with growth of their transport system, but also with increase in harmful substances thrown out into the air from city industrial zones. Besides, in 50% of the cities of this region excess of maximum possible concentrations (MPC) reached 10fold indexes. Every year more than 40 thousands Russian citizens die of diseases of respiratory system.
According to the statistics, the leading position as to the level of the air pollution in Russian Federation is taken by Ural. To its share there fall 46% of all discarded in Russia mercury, 30 % of fluorine compounds. One third of 37 Russian cities that are the main pollutants of the atmosphere is situated here.
The average annual content of harmful substances in Bishkek in many indexes exceeds permissible norms. The most intensive source of pollution about the city is motor transport, 80 % of all harmful substances, discarded into the air, fall on it.
Enterprises of metallurgic industry, fuel-energy and chemical complexes, varnish-dye industry, glass works, as well as aviation and pyrotechnics contribute greatly to the pollution of the air with lead and its compounds.
Lead has a tendency to accumulate in the body, resulting in considerable change of IQ index with schoolchildren. Adverse affect of lead also causes changes in motor activity, coordination of movements, time of visual and acoustic motor response, acoustic perception and memory. These changes in psychoneurological state of a child can take place at a senior age, which manifests itself in problems with education and entering higher educational institutions.
Lead is especially dangerous to women, as this element is capable of getting through placenta and accumulating in breast milk. The WHO has noted possibility of spontaneous abortions, when the concentration of lead in the blood of pregnant working women reaches 30 mkg/dl, as well as increased number of chromosome aberrations with workers whose lead content in the blood is 80mkg/dl. There also appear functional changes in cardiovascular system and many other diseases.
Adverse affect of lead causes certain changes in cardiovascular system. Pathogenesis of heart affection under the influence of lead is connected with affection of mitochondria, in particular with inhibition of absorption of calcium ions. Children with high content of lead in the blood (more than 20mkg/dl) as it has been discovered, have functional changes in their cardiovascular system.
The environment being polluted with lead also affects state of health of newborn babies. There have become more frequent cases of barrenness, spontaneous abortions, toxicoses, stillborn babies and birth of children with abnormalities: defects of bone-joint system, inborn heart disease. Frequency of inborn defects of development is higher with children, whose parents work at a metallurgic group of enterprises.
EXHAUSTS OF MOTOR TRANSPORT VEHICLES 3 times exceed thevolume of exhausts of industrial enterprises; 60 – 70% of gas pollution is made by motor transport, in Ukraine this figure is 70-90%. More active condensation of moisture leads to increase in precipitation by 5-10%. In the past years, the number of oncological diseases has rapidly increased. Cars throw into the air cancerogens. Now there’s a serious problem on the agenda: how to make car owners to buy up-to-date engines with catalyzers that don’t let exhausts of the overworked fuel get into the atmosphere.
On the whole, the pollution of the air has led to increased number of endocrine diseases, digestive upset, metabolic disturbances, weakening of immune system; mental disorders; diseases of nervous system and sense organs; diseases of respiratory system; diseases of urogenital system; inborn anomalies, diseases of bone-muscular system; traumas and poisoning; diseases of circulatory and digestive system, allergies.
It has been proved that strips of green plantations can be an effective means of fight against harmful exhausts of motor transport. Their effectiveness can range from 7% to-35%.
Greater attention must be paid to the IMPORTANCE OF PLANTING TREES.
Insufficient quantity of green plantations in urban microraions and blocks, irrational building, intensive development of motor transport and other factors create high background noise in the city. Researches have shown that nature of disturbances of the human body’s functions, induced by noise is identical to disturbances, induced by some toxic products. Deciduous trees can take up to 25% of sound energy, and disperse 74 %of it. Noise traumatizes and depresses our state of mind, ruins health, reducing physical and intellectual abilities of a person. That’s why one of the ways to improve urban environment is to plant trees.
Anthropogenic pollution of the environment strongly affects formation of population health of residents, especially in connection with changes in social-economic conditions. That’s why the problem of environmental factors adversely affecting the population’s health is getting more and more urgent.
Pure air around cities is rare, rivers turn into gutters, everywhere we can see landfills, dumps, and crippled nature - that is a striking picture of reckless industrialization of the world.
Unfortunately, in connection with development of scientific and technical progress and industry, in connection with high level of environmental pollution, deterioration of social level of our life, life span reduces; sickness and death rates, on the contrary increase, demographic level of the population goes down. Man turns into a slave and victim of his own labor and careless attitude towards the environment.
Surely, we must remember that ecological situation, and, accordingly our health depends upon every one of us, and if we can’t change the circumstances, we should try and protect ourselves from harmful influence of external factors.
If you don’t have an opportunity or desire to spend all your life, wearing a gas-mask or to leave the civilization and live somewhere on an exotic island having fresh air all the year round, you should probably protect yourself from the inside - with the help of means that protect us from harmful influence of free radicals. These means are called ANTIOXIDANTS. And the most powerful of them is “Microhydrin”
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